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Siege of Schenkenschans
The Siege of Schenkenschans (30 July 1635 – 30 April 1636) was a major siege of the Eighty Years' War. The capture of the strategically located fortress by the Army of Flanders commanded by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria opened up the Dutch Republic to a possible invasion. The Dutch Stadtholder, Fredrick Henry had to pull out all stops to counter this strategic threat and recapture the fortress in an epic siege that lasted even through the winter months. He succeeded in doing so after nine months.
==Background==
The fortress with the name ''Schenkenschans'' ((英語:Schenk's Sconce), (スペイン語:Esquenque)) was founded by the German mercenary commander Maarten Schenk van Nydeggen on the orders of stadtholder Adolf van Nieuwenaar in 1586. Its location was strategically chosen, because it dominated the place where in 1586 the Rhine and the Waal River forked (currently these rivers split further west; the fork was moved to improve river traffic and prevent flooding〔See Pannerdens Kanaal〕). An army that approaches from the East here has a choice of marching along the right bank of the Rhine, through the "back door" of the Dutch Republic, thrusting straight to the Dutch heartland; or take a more southerly route through the Betuwe; or take the third route West, entering the area between the Waal and the Meuse River. In all three cases the rivers form an ideal supply line. However, that supply line was cut off by the ''Schenkenschans''.
The Dutch dominated the area (that also includes nearby Cleves) during most of the war with Spain. The fortress was much improved after its humble beginnings and in its new form was a fine example of Star fort architecture.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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